Gentium S.p.A., a biopharmaceutical company, is engaged in the research and development of drugs derived from DNA and DNA molecules. It develops and manufactures defibrotide, an investigational active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) drug based on a mixture of single-and double-stranded DNA extracted from swine intestinal mucosa for the treatment and prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD), a life-threatening complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The company has completed a Phase III clinical trial of defibrotide for the treatment of severe VOD in the United States, Canada, and Israel; and a Phase II/III pediatric trial in Europe for the prevention of VOD. It also provides other APIs consisting of sodium heparin; Urokinase, which is made from human urine; and sulglicotide that is developed from swine duodenum. The company was formerly known as Pharma Research S.r.L. and changed its name to Gentium S.p.A. in July 2001. Gentium S.p.A. was founded in 1993 and is headquartered in Villa Guardia, Italy. Gentium S.p.A operates as a subsidiary of Jazz Pharmaceuticals plc.