By Maya Gebeily
BEIRUT (Reuters) -The International Monetary Fund warned on Thursday that Lebanon was in a very dangerous situation a year after it committed to reforms it has failed to implement and said the government must stop borrowing from the central bank.
IMF mission chief Ernesto Rigo told a news conference in Beirut that the authorities should accelerate the implementation of conditions set for a $3 billion bailout.
"One would have expected more in terms of implementation and approval of legislation" related to reforms, he said, noting "very slow" progress. "Lebanon is in a very dangerous situation," he added, in unusually frank remarks.
Lebanon signed a staff-level agreement with the IMF nearly one year ago but has not met the conditions to secure a full programme, which is seen as crucial for its recovery from one of the world's worst financial crises.
Without implementing rapid reforms, Lebanon "will be mired in a never-ending crisis," the IMF warned in a written statement after Rigo's remarks.
The economy has been crippled by the collapse of the Lebanese currency, which has lost some 98% of its value against the U.S. dollar since 2019, triggering triple-digit inflation, spreading poverty and a wave of emigration.
The crisis erupted after decades of profligate spending and corruption among the ruling elites, some of whom led banks that lent heavily to the state.
The government estimates losses in the financial system total more than $70 billion, the majority of which were accrued at the central bank.
"No more borrowing from the central bank," Rigo said.
"Over the years, the government has been borrowing from the central bank. Not just in the past (but also) the last few months, which is something we have recommended should stop."
The IMF has called for financial sector losses to be distributed in a way that preserves the rights of small depositors and limits recourse to state assets, though powerful politicians and banks have pushed back, delaying the recovery.
"Suffice it to say that the loss is so large that there will unfortunately have to be a distribution between the government, the banks and depositors," Rigo added.
Still, he said that the IMF would "never walk away" from helping a member country and there was no deadline for Lebanon to implement the reforms.
SLOW REFORMS
Some observers say that an IMF deal now appears further away than ever before.
"To anyone observing Lebanon over the last four years, the likelihood of an IMF program being implemented appears slim to none," Mike Azar, a financial consultant and expert on the Lebanese financial crisis, told Reuters.
"There is no urgency, no incentive and no pressure on decision-makers to implement any of the basic reforms," he said, adding that Lebanon was instead headed for disorderly dollarization, collapsing public services and the wiping out of remaining deposits.
Authorities have passed some reform measures, such as a 2022 budget, an audit of the central bank's foreign asset position and a revised banking secrecy law.
But the IMF's statement on Thursday said the revised banking secrecy law should be amended again "to address outstanding critical weaknesses".
Lebanon still has no capital control law, has not passed legislation to resolve its banking crisis and has failed to unify multiple exchange rates for the Lebanese pound - all measures the IMF has requested.
Rigo said that Lebanon should move towards a market-determined exchange rate, rather than maintaining multiple rates including the central bank's Sayrafa exchange rate, which is not set by market forces.