The S&P Is Now Overvalued

Stocks have seen a powerful rally over the past couple of weeks, with the S&P 500 up sharply. This big rally hasn't accomplished much, and the speed may have done more harm than good. Now, the S&P 500 is overvalued again, and what may be worse here is that earnings estimates for this year and next year are declining.

Since the mid-June lows, the S&P 500 saw its PE ratio for 2022 rise to 18.9 from 16.0. That is a massive move in a PE ratio over such a short period. It also makes the S&P 500 very expensive compared to its historical valuation. Since 1990, the average S&P 500 PE ratio has been around 17.4.

Another consideration when it comes to the valuation of the S&P 500 is that over that same period, interest rates have been very volatile but, more importantly, have risen and, in some cases, back to their June highs. This has narrowed the spread between the earnings yield (inverse of the PE ratio) and the 10-year Treasury rate to just 2.37%. The last time the equity risk premium was around 2.37% was in the fall of 2018, and the only time it was lower was in April 2022. In both cases, the equity market fell sharply.

Earnings Estimates Fall

Also, helping to push the PE ratio higher, and the earnings yield has been falling earnings estimates. They haven't lost much, but the further those estimates fall, and the more the equity market rebounds, the higher the PE ratio will climb.

As of August 24, earnings estimates for the S&P 500 have fallen to $226.65 per share for 2022, from a peak of $230.02 per share, or 3.4%. Meanwhile, estimates for 2023 have fallen to $243.92 from $250.31 per share at the beginning of July, or 2.5%. The declines are minimal, but the trend is negative.

The falling earnings estimates and rising rates are helping to push the S&P 500 index back into an overvalued state. At the same time, the rally has undoubtedly helped to recover some of the losses, but unless rates start to fall materially and earnings start to improve. The equity rally will be tough to continue from a fundamental standpoint.

The Index May Only Be Worth 3,950

Obviously, momentum can be a powerful force, which has broadly pushed the index higher and put it back into this overvalued territory. However, at some point, if fundamentals do begin to matter again, it could result in the S&P 500 trading down to that historical average of around 17.4, valuing the index around 3,950, or even falling back to that June low of 16. Given all of the uncertainty around the state of the economy and the path of monetary policy, a drop back to 16 does not seem out of the question, pushing the index back to around 3,625.

As the market continues to push and pull between momentum and fundamentals, it will likely create plenty of market volatility, that is for sure.

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