Columbia Threadneedle (AM) Holdings PLC is a privately owned investment manager. The firm provides its services primarily to insurance funds. It also caters to institutional funds, investment trusts, sub-advisory, multinational corporations, government organizations, charities, company retirement and pension funds, UK retail, and international wholesale clients. The firm manages separate client focused equity, fixed income, and balanced portfolios. It also manages mutual funds, including fund of funds, liability driven investments, and governance and sustainable investments for its clients. The firm also invests in alternative investments and private equity investments for the clients. It invests in the public equity, fixed income, and real estate markets across the globe. The firm invests in growth and value stocks of companies and in fixed income securities including government bonds, convertible bonds, index linked bonds, and corporate bonds. It employs a combination of qualitative, quantitative, and pragmatic approach alongwith bottom-up and top-down stock picking approaches to make its investments. The firm conducts in-house research while building its portfolio. It was previously known as BMO Asset Management (Holdings) plc. The firm was founded in 1868 and is based in London, United Kingdom. Columbia Threadneedle (AM) Holdings PLC operates as a subsidiary of BMO Global Asset Management (Europe) Limited.