By Palash Ghosh - The possible ascension of Satya Nadella as the next chief executive officer of Microsoft (NASDAQ: MSFT) underlines the extraordinary rise of Indians in the high tech industry in the U.S. According to reports, Microsoft’s board of directors is leaning towards choosing Nadella, the head of its fast-growing and highly profitable enterprise-computing unit and a 22-year veteran of the company, to succeed Steve Ballmer, who is retiring. The Seattle Times reported that in the last fiscal year, Nadella’s division generated $8.2 billion in operating income and revenues of $20.3 billion. Prior to running the cloud-computing division, Nadella, who is only 47, led research and development for the company’s Online Services unit.
But the Indian-born Nadella has no experience as a CEO of a large and multi-dimensional company like Microsoft – yet some analysts don’t think that’s a hindrance to his possible elevation to the zenith of the corporation. “I don’t see that as a negative,” said Norman Young, a senior stock analyst at Morningstar investment research. “In many organizations, a division the size of [the one Nadella runs] would be its own company. He’s got charisma, employees like him, and he’s got the acumen to lead the company. Not having been a CEO is not necessarily a minus here.”
Born in Hyderabad, India, Nadella joined Microsoft in 1992 after working at Sun Microsystems. He received a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Mangalore University in Karnataka, south India; a master’s degree in computer science from the University of Wisconsin; and a master’s degree in business administration from the University of Chicago.
Patrick Moorhead, president at Moor Insights & Strategy, is less than sanguine about the choice. "Nadella has a lot of experience, but not as much as someone who typically runs a company of the size of Microsoft,” Moorhead told the Times of India newspaper. “He has spent most of his time in the enterprise space, so I think he would need a very strong lieutenant who gets the consumer market. Microsoft's biggest challenge is [the] consumer and Satya doesn't have experience in this market.”
Nevertheless, in the event Nadella is formally named Microsoft CEO (only the third in the company's history), he will join a select circle of Indian leaders of major global corporations, including Indra Nooyi, chairman and chief executive officer of PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP); Ajay Banga, the chief of MasterCard (NYSE: MA); and Anshu Jain, the co-CEO of Deutsche Bank (NYSE: DB). Reuters commented that with the expected appointment at Microsoft, Nadella could surpass all other Indian executives in terms of influence and prestige by becoming “the most powerful Indian-born tech executive in the world.”
Indians already enjoy a very strong presence in the heart of U.S. technology, Silicon Valley in northern California. A report by Neesha Bapat, the lead researcher at the Arthur & Toni Rembe Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, recounted that waves of Indian technology graduates poured into the Valley in the 1970s and 1980s. “It was a time in India, under a socialist government, that people with capitalist ambitions felt stifled,” Bapat wrote. “One by one they mastered the Valley’s unwritten rules of engagement and shattered its glass ceiling.” Bapat cited certain highlights of these early Indian ‘tech pioneers,” like Vinod Dham who created breakthrough technologies such as the Pentium chip, and entrepreneurs like Kanwal Rekhi and Vinod Khosla, who co-founded companies like Excelan and Sun Microsystems.
As long ago as 1999, Bapat reported, a study by Anna-Lee Saxenian, the dean of the UC-Berkeley School of Information, revealed that between 1980 and 1998, Indians founded 7 percent of all tech start-ups in Silicon Valley. In 2007, a subsequent survey by Saxenian, in tandem with professor Vivek Wadhwa and professor F. Daniel Siciliano of Stanford Law School, discovered that fully one-fourth of the start-ups in the whole U.S., and more than half in Silicon Valley were founded by immigrants, led by Indians. Despite the fact that Indians accounted for less than 1 percent of the entire U.S. population at the time, they founded 13.4 percent of Silicon Valley’s start-ups and 6.5 percent of all start-ups nationwide.
Outside of Silicon Valley, Indian tech entrepreneurs are also flourishing across California, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Texas and Florida – all creating companies in proportions wildly in excess of their overall small population numbers. Bapat’s report concluded that between 2006 and 2013, engineering and tech companies founded by immigrants (not just Indians) employed well over a half-million workers and generated $63 billion in revenues.
The San Jose Mercury News reported in late November that Asian-Americans (which, of course, include Indians) comprise more than one-half (52 percent) of the technology workforce in the Bay Area, replacing white, Hispanic and black workers. Between 2000 and 2010, the Asian proportion of tech workers jumped from 39 percent to 52 percent. "It's the new world -- a world in which whites are not the majority," said Jan English-Lueck, associate dean of the college of social sciences at San Jose State University. "Other people are being displaced."
However, while more than one-third of Microsoft's workforce are reportedly of Indian descent, Indians have yet to occupy senior management positions in the company in large numbers (perhaps until now). The aforementioned Wadhwa told International Business Times, said that he was “surprised” by the possibility that Nadella might soon assume the helm at Microsoft. “Microsoft has long been an insular company -- with very few Indians in senior executive roles,” he said in an interview. “Given that it is one of the best known companies on the planet, and this is such an important role, I was surprised to read this news.”
Wadhwa also indicated that in Silicon Valley, one finds Indians in senior positions in practically all tech firms other than Apple (Nasdaq: AAPL), which also has been insular like Microsoft. “[Indians] have achieved extraordinary success,” he added. “My research team had documented that 15 percent of Silicon Valley’s start-ups have an Indian CEO or CTO [chief technology officer].”
Thus, Indians and Indian-Americans occupy an odd place in high-tech corporate America – their employment in such companies far surpass their proportion in the overall U.S. population. But, relative to their high participation in tech and other firms, their presence at the very highest corridors of corporate power somewhat lags behind. In December 2009, Forbes Magazine identified eight Indian CEOs at large U.S. companies (i.e., those with annual revenues of at least $2 billion.)
Dr. Anna Danielova, associate professor of finance at the DeGroote School of Business in Hamilton, Canada, also noted the following Indian CEOs of U.S. companies: Francisco D'Souza of Cognizant Technology Solutions (NASDAQ:CTSH); Sanjay Mehrotra of SanDisk (NASDAQ:SNDK); Ravichandra Saligram of OfficeMax (NYSE:OMX); Dinesh C. Paliwal of Harman International Industries (NYSE: HAR); and Shantanu Narayen of Adobe Systems (NASDAQ:ADBE). “I think given the inter-connectedness and globalization of today's business environment, it is only natural that people of Indian descent who constitute one-sixth of the world's population [should] finally start appearing on [the] S&P 500 CEO list,” she said. “But there was no major strides in last five years it seems.”
It is reasonable to assume that Indians will continue to move up ever higher in U.S. corporations. ”It’s not a a surprise that we’re seeing Indians rise in corporate ranks,” said Richard Herman, co-author of a book entitled U.S., Immigrant Inc., to Forbes. ”Of all the immigrant groups coming in today, Indians are head-and-shoulders above others, and this is partly because of their English language skills and also the advanced education that many of them are bringing to the U.S.”