By Silvia Aloisi
MILAN (Reuters) - An array of crises will keep several world leaders away from the annual World Economic Forum in Davos next week, which takes place against a backdrop of deepening gloom over the global economic and political outlook.
Anxiety over trade disputes, fractious international relations, Brexit and a growth slowdown that some fear could tip the world economy into recession are set to dominate the Jan. 22-25 Alpine meeting and the mood will be somber.
The WEF's own Global Risks Report set the tone this week with a stark warning of looming economic headwinds, in part due to geopolitical tensions among major powers.
Some 3,000 business, government and civil society chiefs are due to gather in the snow-blanketed ski resort, but among them are only three leaders of the Group of Seven most industrialized countries: Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Italian premier Giuseppe Conte.
Donald Trump, who stole the Davos limelight last year with a rare appearance by a sitting U.S. president, pulled out of this year's event as he grapples with a U.S. government shutdown.
His French counterpart Emmanuel Macron is also skipping the meeting as he seeks to respond to the "yellow vest" protests, while Theresa May battles to find a consensus on Brexit.
Outside the G7, the leaders of Russia and India are shunning Davos, while China - whose President Xi Jinping was the first Chinese leader to attend the elite gathering in 2017 to offer a vigorous defense of free trade - is sending his deputy instead.
That will leave the likes of U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and his British colleague Philip Hammond, as well as China's Vice President Wang Qishan and a host of central bankers, with the task of trying to reassure business chiefs.
"Davos will be dominated by a high level of anxiety about stock markets, a slowdown in growth and international politics," said Nariman Behravesh, chief economist at IHS Markit.
"The leadership presence is lower than last year but those who are going, from Mnuchin to central bankers to Abe, will be seeking to impart a sense of confidence and calm business and investors' nerves."
REVAMP
A U.S. administration official said the U.S. delegation, which includes Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross, would also discuss the importance of reforming institutions such as the World Trade Organisation, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
Trump has harshly criticized globalization and questioned America's participation in multilateral institutions like the WTO, calling for a revamp of international trade rules.
"It's time to revisit ... how some of these groups are structured and are they optimized for the challenges" of today's economy, the administration official said. "We fully intend to go to Davos and be able to carry the president's message."
Davos watchers said the absence of so many top leaders this year did not mean the glitzy forum had lost its mojo as a global stage for top politicians to present their agendas.
"Abe is going to Davos not just as Japanese prime minister but also as chair of the G20. It will be a perfect opportunity to lay the groundwork of upcoming G20 meetings," said a Japanese government source familiar with international affairs.
"Of course there may be inconveniences such as missing opportunities to hold bilateral meetings, but that won't undermine the importance of Davos," he said.
A Chinese official who has attended Davos regularly but will not go this year said China had never expected to make progress on the trade row with the United States at the meeting. "It's just an occasion for making a policy statement," he said.
The low turnout amongst major Western leaders may also give more prominence to political personalities who may otherwise be upstaged. Davos will be the first major international outing for Brazil's President Jair Bolsonaro, elected on a wave of anti-establishment and conservative nationalism also seen elsewhere.
He said on Twitter he would present "a different Brazil, free of ideological ties and widespread corruption".
For business chiefs the value of Davos lies not so much in the public sessions but in the networking and deal-making opportunities on the sidelines of the main conference.
"It's the best place to pitch for ideas, build connections and get your brand known," said Chen Linchevski, CEO of Precognize, an Israel-based start-up developing software that prevents technical or quality failures at manufacturing plants.
"It's the kind of place where in a few days you meet people you wouldn't easily meet otherwise," said Linchevski, who is paying 50,000 Swiss francs ($50,495) to attend the event.
(Additonal reporting by Yawen Chan in Beijing, Kaori Kaneko, Tetsushi Kajimoto and Linda Sieg in Tokyo, Tom Miles in Geneva, Dmitry Zhdanikov in London, Anthony Boadle in Brasilia, Editing by William Maclean)