Dismantling the oil industry: rough North Sea waters test new ideas

© Reuters. FILE PHOTO: Shell's Brent Delta oil platform is towed into Hartlepool

By Shadia Nasralla

LONDON (Reuters) - Scottish marine salvage group Ardent is adapting the tanks it used to refloat the Costa Concordia, the cruise ship wrecked off the Italian coast in 2012, to decommission North Sea oil platforms.

It is one of several companies trying new ideas to win business in the market for dismantling disused oil platforms.

In Britain's aging oil fields alone, the opportunities could be worth up to 17 billion pounds ($21.85 billion) before 2025, according to industry body Oil and Gas UK. The ideas could then be deployed to other maturing fields such as in the Gulf of Mexico and southeast Asia.

GRAPHIC: Decommissioning spending outlook by region - https://tmsnrt.rs/2ELrjMm

Ardent says it needs at least two companies to sign up for a project to get off the ground. Well-Safe, another company offering a new approach, also needs several operators to commit.

So far, Ardent has found it challenging to persuade companies to be the first to sign up.

GRAPHIC: Offshore decommissioning - https://tmsnrt.rs/2OIThgl

"Everyone is queuing to be second," said Ardent's Decommissioning Director Stuart Martin.

Oil companies are keen to reduce costs in a part of the market dominated by major global players such as TechnipFMC (N:FTI), Schlumberger (NYSE:SLB), Saipem (MI:SPMI) and AllSeas.

Beyond the floating tanks, Ardent has also joined forces with oil services firm WorleyParsons (AX:WOR) and technology and shipping group Lloyd's Register, to bring a one-stop-shop service.

This could save money by cutting out the need for lots of different contractors. Well-Safe proposes coordinating decommissioning work across companies to share equipment and staff.

GRAPHIC: Cost of Ardent projects - https://tmsnrt.rs/2OIUVP3

"You got to give Well-Safe and the others a real tip of the hat. We all want them to win. It's in the best interest of the industry," said Jim House, CEO of Neptune Energy, which is planning decommissioning for its Juliet and Minke fields in the North Sea.

Oil platforms are usually removed piece by piece and taken to the shore using complex vessels. The floating tanks that Ardent used to lift the Costa Concordia, are much cheaper to use, industry experts say.

GRAPHIC: UK North Sea Decommissioning Spending - https://tmsnrt.rs/2NZuZJr

"This technology could have significant potential cost efficiencies," the Oil and Gas Technology Centre, which is funded by the British government, said in a report.

But Ardent says it would need contracts for at least two buoyant tanks to go below current costs per ton of steel removed and three to get below its target cost reduction of around a third. Britain's industry regulator, the Oil and Gas Authority, has set a target of 35 percent cost cuts compared with 2015 levels.

Well-Safe's main lever for cost reduction also depends on several operators committing to contracts.

Ardent is also proposing to oversee a project from production to scrapping the metal onshore. Worley Parsons would operate the platform and maintain the equipment and Lloyd’s Register would plug the wells.

"It's a lot about an emerging set of companies and we don't yet know which is going to be the winning model," said Boston Consulting Group’s Philip Whittaker.

"One of the biggest sources of value is how to integrate the decom work with the final stages of the production work."  

GRAPHIC: UK North Sea Decommissioning Spending - https://tmsnrt.rs/2Pf9mK3

MATURE BASIN

With other fields maturing and drying up across the world and some experts expecting demand for oil to peak in the 2030s,the North Sea is a test bed for new decommissioning projects.

If a company can plug oil wells without leaks and remove thousands of tonnes of steel platforms and pipelines, some 50years old, in the rough, deep seas between Scotland, England and Norway, they should be able to do it anywhere.

Industry body Oil and Gas UK, expects oil companies to spend17 billion pounds ($22.05 billion) on removing around 1,600wells, 100 platforms, and 5,500 km of pipelines in the next seven years. Some 840,000 tonnes of material will be returned to shore to meet environmental regulations.

"We've got a mature basin with a steady flow of work," said Joe Laesk, decommissioning manager at Oil and Gas UK.

"Those resources and expertise can be exportable globally."

The Gulf of Mexico has had decommissioning projects in its warm, calm waters for years but Southeast Asia is a new hot spot, with more than 1,500 platforms and 7,000 subsea wells expected to be uneconomical by 2038, according to the BCG. That is followed by Latin America, West Africa and the Middle East Gulf.

GRAPHIC: Future decommissioning hotspots - https://tmsnrt.rs/2Rez5Qb

With so much potential, more established players are also trying different approaches to make decommissioning cheaper.

Service vessel group Allseas is experimenting with new ideas. It specializes in subsea construction but is converting huge ships to lift structures as heavy as 48,000 tonnes in one haul.

"We lift in a matter of hours and we're gone," said Allseas President Edward Heerema.

The first job for Allseas' Pioneering Spirit, the biggest construction vessel in the world, was in the Norwegian North Searemoving Repsol's (MC:REP) 13,500 ton Yme production unit.

Shell (AS:RDSa) also used it to remove its 24,000 ton Brent Delta platform in 2017.

"We have taken substantial costs out of our major decommissioning project, the Brent, and we will continue to do so," said Steve Phimister, head of Shell's North Sea upstream.

"The whole industry needs to do that by innovating."

($1 = 0.7782 pounds)