The Fed Doubled Down On Dovish Stance. What Card Will Gold Now Play?
Fed Remains Patient
Wednesday's FOMC published the monetary policy statement from its latest meeting that took place on March 19-20. In line with expectations, the US central bank unanimously kept its interest rates unchanged. The federal funds rate remained at the target range of 2.25 to 2.50 percent:
The Committee seeks to foster maximum employment and price stability. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to maintain the target range for the federal funds rate at 2-1/4 to 2-1/2 percent.
The inaction reflected the new patient approach adopted by the Fed in January. The US central bank also noted the slowdown in the US economic growth and some other indicators:
Information received since the Federal Open Market Committee met in January indicates that (…) growth of economic activity has slowed from its solid rate in the fourth quarter. (…) Recent indicators point to slower growth of household spending and business fixed investment in the first quarter.
Apart from these changes, the statement was virtually kept the same as it was in January. So, it should not significantly affect the gold market. However, it was accompanied by new details about balance-sheet normalization and the dot plot. Let’s now analyze them.
Slowdown In Balance Sheet’s Normalization
As a result of its previous discussions, the Fed published Balance Sheet Normalization Principles and Plans. The key changes are as follows:
- first, the US central banks slows down the pace of the decline in its holdings of Treasury securities over coming quarters, by reducing the cap on monthly redemptions from the current level of $30 billion to $15 billion beginning in May 2019;
- second, the Fed will end its balance sheet normalization as early as in September 2019;
- third, since October 2019, the Committee will reinvest principal payments received from agency debt and agency MBS in Treasury securities, subject to a maximum amount of $20 billion per month
All these changes mean that the Fed will soften its quantitative tightening. Apparently, the US central bank took heed of all the complaints about the Fed draining liquidity. The party in risky assets will thus go on, which may be bad news for the yellow metal. On the other hand, gold may appreciate in tandem with the stock market. Moreover, a more dovish Fed and weaker upward pressure on interest rates should support gold.
Dramatic Shift In Dot Plot
The second biggest dovish surprise, next to the new balance-sheet policy, was the Fed’s economic projections. The forecasts for GDP and inflation were slightly down while that for the unemployment rate was slightly up. But the real change was the dramatic shift in the dot plot. The median assessment of appropriate level of the federal funds rate was slashed from 2.9 to 2.4 percent in 2019 and from 3.1 to 2.6 percent in both 2020 and 2021. It means that now the Fed sees no hike this year and only one hike next year. It’s a really remarkable turn as in just six months, the US central bank has gone from an outlook with interest rates in restrictive territory to a more neutral (some might even say accommodative) positioning. After such abrupt revisions, what kind of credibility does the Fed’s dot plot have left?
Implications For Gold
What does it all mean for gold? Well, the Fed surprised investors on a dovish note. The markets made their moves. While bond yields declined the US dollar predictably plunged against both the euro and Japanese yen, as the charts below show.
Chart 1: USD/JPY exchange rate from March 19 to March 21, 2019
Chart 2: EUR/USD exchange rate from March 19 to March 21, 2019
So, the price of gold jumped. As one can see in the chart below, the yellow metal moved on Wednesday above $1,315.
Chart 3: Gold prices from March 19 to March 21, 2019
A more dovish Fed is a fundamental tailwind for the gold market. We have been repeating for a long time that US monetary policy reached its hawkish peak in 2018 and that is why 2019 should not be as harsh to the precious metals as 2018 was. There is always a risk in repricing of the Fed’s interest-rate path, but unless inflation significantly jumps, we consider it as low. Another risk is that a dovish Fed will support the stock market at the expense of the precious-metals market. However, the reaction of the S&P 500 is far from euphoric, as the chart below clearly shows.
Chart 4: S&P 500 Index from March 18 to March 20, 2019
This may suggest that the Fed’s bold reaction frightened investors. After all, it might be the case that if the US central bank doubles down on the dovish side – when the economy seems solid – it must know something disturbing about the economy the mere mortal does not. The conclusion is that the appeal of holding gold should not decrease – and it may even increase thanks to lower bond yields and weaker greenback.