There are several recent developments in the fixed-income space that are distinct from the prospect of higher rates in the US and UK or the ongoing purchases by the BOJ, ECB and Riksbank.
Corporates have raised 157 bln euros by issuing investment-grade bonds. Some observers have suggested this will be the fuel that spurs a euro recovery. The borrowing will have to be paid back and it will require the purchase of euros.
There are a few mitigating factors. Some of the funds raised will be deployed in EMU countries. These companies, including some from the US and UK, will earn euro revenues. These revenue streams can be used to service the euro debt. The euros need not be bought, they can be earned.
One of the reasons why euro debt is being raised is that it is cheaper than borrowing dollars or sterling and maybe yen. That means that flow of debt servicing payments (coupons) are likely to be modest. In addition, the re-paying of the borrowed euros is not imminent. Depending on the circumstances, some companies may consider issuing more euro debt as these bonds mature. Often analysis looks at bonds the asset managers' perspective rather than the debt managers' perspective. Just like the asset manager may want to diversify investments, often corporate treasurers of multinational companies diversify their debt in terms of currencies as tenors.
The 157 bln euros of corporate bonds issued this year may sound impressive, but the euro corporate bond market remains relatively modest. In July alone there was $135 bln of investment grade corporate bonds sold. Of this, $47 bln absorbed by US investment grade bond funds. About $40 bln was used to fund acquisitions. So far this year an estimated $290 bln of bonds were issued to fund M&A activity, which is almost triple, the pace of the year ago period.
The number of issues, however, is less than half of the year ago levels, according to Dealogic figures, suggesting that the average size of the issues is substantially larger. There has been almost $1 trillion in M&A activity in the US this year. Almost 85% of the bonds related to this activity have been sold in the US.
Recently two US corporates have issued sterling-denominated debt. Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL), which despite its overseas cash hoard, has issued euro, yen and Swiss franc debt earlier in the year. For the first time, the company issued sterling debt at the end of July. IBM (NYSE:IBM) also issued a small sterling bond last month as well. Roughly GBP13.6 bln has been raised by corporates in the sterling bond market in H1 15, which is down from nearly GBP19 bln in H1 14.
Foreign companies, led by European banks, have stepped up their issuance of yuan bonds. Dealogic reports that European banks have issued about $2.7 bln of yuan-denominated bonds this year. This is five times more than issued in all of last year. US and Australian banks have also issued yuan debt this year. The development of a yuan cross currency swap market is an important step toward greater international use of the yuan bond market.
This is part of the metrics the IMF will use in its decision whether the yuan is sufficiently used to be included in the SDR. More broadly, the offshore yuan bond market (dim sum) has quieted this year as many mainland issuers had turned to the equity market to raise funds. Given the dramatic drop in Chinese equities and the freezing of the IPO market, this may change. However, there is speculation that regulators could lift the ban for existing companies shortly.
There are two new sovereign bond offerings that are notable. First, this month China has indicated it will sell two tranches of bonds to raise CNY40 bln (~$6.5 bln). These will be evenly divided between a 3-year and 5-year offering. Reports indicated the former will have a coupon of 4.5% and the latter, a 4.87% coupon. The bonds will be sold between August 10 and August 19 to individuals only. These are federal government bonds.
The bonds are thought to be part of a larger capital raising exercise to fund construction projects. Some reports suggest that over the coming months, China may raise CNY1 trillion (~$160 bln). However, the construction bonds will likely be issued by Chinese policy banks, such as the China Development Bank and the Agriculture Development Bank. Local government, through special purpose vehicles, provided funding for the large fiscal stimulus in 2008-2009. The central government is reluctant to extend its debt.
Instead, the central bank is being used. One report suggested that the Postal Savings Bank of China will buy some of these new construction bonds with liquidity provided by the PBOC. There are also reports that the central government will subsidize most of the interest.
The other bond offering that caught our attention is from Saudi Arabia. Before the end of the year, the kingdom is expected to raise about SAR100 bln (~$27 bln) in five, seven and 10-year tranches. The governor of the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) has issued about SAR15 bln in local bonds last month. It was the first sovereign issue since 2007. Debt issuance might carry into next year.
The next tranche is expected to be issued on August 10. These bonds are expected to yield a premium to US Treasuries. Reports suggest the 5-year bond may pay 33-38 bp above US 5-year. The 7-year may yield 39-44 bp above similar US bonds and the 10-year premium may be 45-50 bp.
The drop in oil prices has seen Saudi Arabia drawn down its reserves by about $65 bln in the past year. Some of this likely reflects valuation adjustments. The planned borrowing suggests that Saudi officials want to maintain its domestic spending plans, while minimizing the drawdown of its reserves. Of course, other oil producers are also being squeezed. Some, like the UAE, is cutting government expenditures and subsidies on fuel. In the 1990s, when oil prices were low, the Saudi's debt also increased, and at one point 1999) Saudi debt briefly was above 100% of GDP. The rise in oil prices saw this fall to a record low last year of 1.6%.