Tim West Shares His Trading Secrets And Comments On The S&P 500

One of the most frequent questions at the beginning of this year probably was “what does 2015 hold for S&P 500?” Exante spoke to one of the most experienced traders and fund managers at TradingView.com Tim West. Tim uses a combination of fundamental and technical analysis for trading and during the interview he shared his trading secrets as well as forecasts for S&P 500.

Tell me about your experience in trading and how did you get started?
My trading experience began 30 years ago in 1984 when I started working in a brokerage firm as my college summer job. I bought my first stock in a telephone company MCI back then with my summer salary. MCI later on overtook some of the larger players in the market, so that was my first profitable investment. I thoroughly enjoyed analyzing what the future holds and what companies will be successful.
In 1987 I started managing some money for my family, which went very well during the bull market. After graduating from college I became a broker and started with opening accounts for long term investment with Microsoft, Apple, Lotus and a lot of emerging technology names. However, my goal has been to get into portfolio management and risk management by learning everything that I can about the markets and get as much experience as possible. That is why I went to New York and started working for a major brokerage firm at the time, S.G. Warburg, which is now UBS. I worked on the block trading desk in the equity department from 1990-1994 and just the 6 of us made a significant trading operation that was 3% of the NYSE volume. Going on forward I had an opportunity to start a hedge fund with a friend which moved me away from that job. And that is how I got started in a nutshell.

S&P 500 continues to strengthen and set new highs. What are the technical’s as well as fundamental’s telling you about the current situation?
What I like to look at is a set of multiple variables. I consider fundamentals in terms of earnings as well as forecasts for earnings, which ultimately drive the long term forecast that banks provide. In addition, I also analyze the momentum, profit margin of corporations and then the degree of leverage in corporations. That is where I am doing some research right now, because what has been driving the stock market has not clearly been the economy itself.
What I see is a very slow growth economy with simply the buying back of shares by corporations and borrowing money to buy back shares that have reduced the supply of available equity. Essentially it has been that shift that has taken place. At the same time our economy has been modeling along quite alright, while the rest of the world has been struggling or notching down their estimates for growth. So we have had this flood of money coming into the dollar, which has also made its way into our bond market to earn the 3% return on the US Gov't long-term bonds when they are less than that overseas, for example, in Europe and Japan.
Thus, I think there has been a massive money flow coming into the US equity markets together with corporations buying back their shares, because that is just the only way I can explain why we have been able to continue maintaining this upward trajectory which really is not justified by the underlining earnings growth of the corporations. That is the fundamental backdrop.

On the other hand, the technical backdrop is psychological and the technical’s are certainly more problematic because you do not have the Russell 2000 reaching a new high.

Moreover, I look at the measure of fear, the volatility index and basically the costs of insuring against moves in the market. When the cost of insurance is very low it means that people are very comfortable as well as very sanguine with the level of the market, and that is a problem as I do not believe that the world is all that stable. There is a lot of confidence driven by the Fed standing behind the market, all the central banks around the world driving liquidity and trying to create money to help lift the economies around the world. Therefore, it is feeding its way into the market, but it is not very broad based.

What do you do in case the technical’s are showing you different picture than the fundamentals?
That is the million dollar question. I position myself "market neutral" by finding long positions and short positions to diminish the impact of the markets return on my return. I try to focus on the stocks that are showing relative strength in buying and I want to be short stocks that are at high multiples of earnings and showing signs of relative weakness. I always try to pick solidly-valued stocks that are coming out of low valuation bases. In addition, I want to try to sell short the high flyers that I think are over-owned, over-valued, over-loved and cannot meet estimates. So that’s how I position myself and protect myself against a stock market decline.

So to sum up, I will tilt a little bit to the short side, and use my technical indicators to time my trades. I use a fixed percentage of capital to risk in each trade. That is how I handle it.


What do you see for S&P 500 in 2015? Some of the biggest banks provided their forecasts for S&P500 for the following year end: Barclays, Credit Suisse and Goldman Sachs expect S&P 500 to close at 2100, while Canaccord Genuity sees it at 2340. To your mind, where does the difference come from considering that all of these banks have the same information to base their target on?
I am looking for below that range estimate. Intra-year I am believe it will move up slightly, but if I am to predict a range I would be comfortable with the 2150 for the high in the range and, actually, all the way down to 1700 for the low end of the range. The close of the year I would say 2000. Thus, just a negative year for S&P 500.

When the forecasts are all higher and clustered in a tight range, that alerts me to the idea that there is one-way thinking going on, which is most likely driven by the duration of the current trend and by central bank buying, together with low interest rates (see chart).

I think the variations in the forecasts come from the different earnings estimates they are putting on the underlining companies. We are still trying to grapple with the strength of the Dollar and how that will translate back into earnings in the US.

On top of that, you have the variations in the multiple you would assign to that level of earnings. Many say that if the Fed stops providing easy money, then the price earnings multiples will decline as interest rates rise. I believe we are in an environment where the anticipation of higher rates is coming down the road, and it could be that higher rates from a credit bubble are coming.

Basically, there has been so much debt created that if you go to refinance your debt and you are not in tip-top financial shape, then your rates will start to rise. On top of that, you are going to witness a rise in interest rates to the lower quality borrowers and you are beginning to see that already with the junk bond indices turning down. So, the lower grade credit quality is turning down and it is giving us a sign that the markets are absorbing all of this. Any available funds are being absorbed by companies borrowing the money, and as a result, the additional money that is being borrowed is at higher rates.

I think that the first sign that there is trouble ahead is the anticipation of higher rates, therefore, lower P/E multiples. In addition, the free earnings we have gotten in the last five years from a weak dollar are all turning and going in the other direction.

You can see that essentially if you can predict the level of Margin Debt, you might be able to predict where the market will be (see chart below). However, the cautionary sign is the high level of Margin Debt which implies that people are overcommitted to the market using borrowed funds to get exposure to what has been a strong performing asset class. The question to always ask yourself is “Who is left to buy the market?” and if there is no one else to buy the market, then the question becomes “What will make people sell?” There may not be a good reason to sell in 2015, but I think the market is destined to chop sideways and to go lower on a lack of buying. Marginal selling will keep the downside violent from time to time as margin-players get stopped out. To keep it simple, “When this chart is high, it is NOT time to buy”.


Last year most analysts predicted practically no gain for S&P 500 by the end of 2014 with the average forecast being 1871. However, we are now seeing the index about 10% higher than the provided target. Based on that how difficult it is to make an accurate forecast, to your mind?
It is clear that predicting for human beings is extremely difficult. Even though it is a fool’s game to play, we since we have all agreed to play it, let's give it our best guess. We all thought that the Fed would stop keeping easy money through mid-year, and that most people felt that the Fed would support the market in any declines. It has been a very slow growth environment but what was not expected was for the US to do better than the Eurozone. Therefore we were just sort of looking for a muted return this year after a huge 29% gain the year before in the S&P, and really anticipating the market to hold on to that increase and just let the actual earnings catch up to where the stock market had gone.

Actually, the forecasts were looking pretty accurate a month ago, so this last round of central bank slamming their foot on the gas and with Japan saying they are going to buy equities really created a real rush back into equities. And we have seen that, people are shifting money back into the equity funds.

According to research reports, 50 billion USD came out of the stock market each year from 2009 to 2012, and then last year all of that and double returned into the market. Thus, you can see that there is a little bit of chasing returns going on which you get at the end of a move in the market, where people pile back in. Hence, that is why the market is hard to predict. The psychology that drives buying at these levels because you want to be in the market when it is performing makes me wonder who is left to buy. The S&P 500 companies have used all of their free cash flow to buy shares and that alerts me to higher risk and lower long term returns for stocks.